Perhaps we can put this issue to rest once and for all by simply reading
followed by
and (hopefully) all understanding that as the nonapplicability section does not state "It is an affirmative defense to prosecution . . . ." it is not an affirmative defense to prosecution...
I am not a lawyer, but this seems pretty straightforward. If a lawyer would like to chime in and make a correction, feel free...
OFF TOPIC, but the question was asked...
I'm not_a_lawyer.
Although it does not state "It is an affirmative defense to prosecution..." it is. Well at least in Florida... and I think most other states are the same.
If the exception is contained within the enacting clause, it becomes an element of the crime, but if the exception is contained in a clause subsequent to the enactment clause of a statute (or a separate statute), the exception is an affirmative defense.
So if Texas is similar to Florida (too tired to go look up the penal code), carrying of a concealed firearm is made illegal in one section and the exceptions are listed later in the section (or another section) then they become affirmative defenses, requiring proof by the 'defendant' showing his compliance with the exception.
Herein Florida, before we changed it last year, the law - for simplicity sake...
SECTION 1 said: Carrying of a concealed firearm is unlawful.
SECTION 2 said: Section 1 does not apply if the person is licensed under the concealed weapon and firearm statute.
So legally speaking, even though you had a CWFL on your person and presented it to Officer Friendly when he asked for it, you could still be 'lawfully' arrested, put in jail and end up going to trial where the display of your CWFL to the judge (just like you did with Officer Friendly) would end up in (best case) dismissed charges, or (worse case) Not Guilty. This of course
after your attorney subpoenaed someone from the licensing office to verify the validity of the card you presented.
All that was required of the state was to prove you were carrying a concealed firearm. The rest was up to you.
Of course, realistically it would never go that far, it was still very problematic. We had a few people arrested and only got off when their attorney talked to the SA. Or the SA dropped the case on his own.
What we did (after a Florida Supreme Court case) was change the statute to conform to the court opinion: SECTION 1 now says "It is unlawful for a person
not licensed in accordance with the concealed weapon and firearm statute to carry a concealed firearm..." EASY PEASY, LEMON SQUEEZY!
The absence of a CWFL now becomes an element of the crime that the state must #1 have PC for to detain you, and #2 they have to prove it in court.
The benefit is that a LEO must now
know - impossible unless he knows you just got out of prison yesterday or something along those lines -(or have probable cause to believe) you are not licensed to demand you CWFL and ID. And that can only happen after he has detained you under reasonable suspicion of criminal activity irrespective of the mere presence of a firearm.
The mere presence of a concealed (partially or completely) firearm cannot be used as a reason for the detention. - As long as it really was a concealed firearm that perhaps peaked out when you reached up for something on a shelf, or taking off your jacket when getting in the car, etc. as opposed to obviously openly carrying it.
We have some other problems along this line...we have a completely different statute that lays out a group of exceptions to our concealed carry and open carry prohibitions. Since they are in another statute altogether, they are affirmative defenses. Like: At or going to/from hunting, having a gun at home/work, at or going to/from the range, etc. Kind of silly when you think about it. Someone could 'legitimately' be arrested, while hunting, for open carrying their rifle (yes even with a valid hunting license in a lawful hunting area.) Or even for concealed carrying a firearm at their own home (absent a CWL)
So if your law is like ours before the change, the exception is an affirmative defense.