Factionalism is the bedrock of our constitutional republic....given the requirement for having three branches of government. Our political system was designed to be a blood sport from the get-go.
Yep. And, parasites enjoy blood.
In his book,
Hologram of Liberty, Kenneth Royce calls attention to a letter from Alexander Hamilton to George Washington in late winter (February, I think.) of 1787. In so many words, Hamilton conveys that a convention being called to improve the Articles of Confederation will shift into a convention to write a new scheme of government. That is to say, as early as late winter of 1787, Alexander Hamilton knew about the plans.
Now, watch closely. Very early in the constitutional convention, a number of delegates got up and walked out in protest, expressly stating they were only authorized by their legislatures to work out improving the Articles of Confederation. That necessarily means that state governments were deceived about the actual motive for calling the convention. The states sent delegates thinking the delegates would be working out improvements to the Articles of Confederation. Yet, based on Hamilton's letter to Geo. Washington, there was a plan already in place months earlier to shift the convention into writing a new scheme of government.
On a totally different track, a little research will show how Shay's Rebellion was used to scare property interests into supporting a stronger government. Shay's Rebellion is often characterized as a tax revolt. That is only part of the picture, and not the most important part, neither. Recall the continental dollars issued during the revolution by the continental congress. Because so many were issued, they fell to cents on the dollar, thus the phrase, "not worth a continental". Same thing happened to other state debt. The people in Shay's Rebellion had supported the revolution by buying bonds and such (loans to government--that's what a bond or other debt instrument is: a loan.) But, that paper fell to cents on the dollar because the state issued vast amounts of it. So, the people in Massachusetts sold their debt instruments for pennies on the dollar, taking significant losses. But, speculators came in and bought up the debt for pennies on the dollar. Then lobbied the legislature to pass a law paying them at face value. Any doubts about the
quid pro quo on that one? The Massachusetts legislature passed a law that increased taxes to pay for paying off the state debt instruments at face value. The upshot? People who supported the revolution got burned when their debt instruments fell to pennies on the dollar. Then they got burned again when taxes were raised to pay off speculators at face value. Basically, they got burned twice on one transaction! Of course they rebelled!! Who wouldn't?
But, the full explanation was not given when fear-mongering about Shay's Rebellion was used to gather support for the constitution.
A whole different angle: no matter what a fella might think about the Federalists (supporters of the constitution) during the convention and during the ratification period, there is no denying the historical facts about the Federalists after the constitution was ratified. Do you hate the idea of congress and the president twisting the constitution? Guess who. Alexander Hamilton--arch Federalist--was George Washington's Secretary of the Treasury. Hamilton convinced Washington of the
implied powers doctrine. Don't care for a Supreme Court interpreting the constitution? Guess who. Chief Justice John Marshall--arch Federalist--wrote
Marbury vs Madison, the case where the US Supreme Court snatched to itself the power to interpret the constitution. Don't care for government restrictions on your freedom of speech and press? Guess who. President John Adams (arch Federalist) and a group of Federalists in congress made it illegal to criticize the federal government (Alien and Sedition Acts). People actually went to prison for that one.
So, yes. Factionalism was the bedrock, and it was a blood sport from literally before the beginning. The Federalists were the first faction. And, Patrick Henry, George Mason, and numerous other anti-Federalists arguing stridently against a strong central government, and the constitution in particular, were the other faction. Just remember, they were fighting a defensive operation. It was the Federalists who started the fight--when somebody thought up the idea to create a new scheme of government and deceive the state legislatures about the plan.